Nanofibres and stem cells can regenerate lost neurons

[nanoorg]

Damage Control

Combination of carbon nanofibres and stem cells can regenerate lost neurons in rats

A cocktail of carbon nanofibres and stem cells can heal neural tissue in rats damaged by a stroke, according to a recent study. Thomas J. Webster, an engineering professor at Brown University, presented the results on Sept. 11 at the American Chemical Society national meeting in San Francisco.

The report, presented during the "Advances in Nanomedicine" symposium of the Division of Colloid & Surface Chemistry, is one of the few studies to show that the in vitro regenerative healing power of nanoparticles can transfer to animals.

Working in collaboration with researchers at Yonsei University, Seoul, Webster combined neural stem cells with either hydrophobic or hydrophilic carbon nanofibres and injected the cocktail into damaged regions of the brains of rats that had suffered a simulated stroke. After a few weeks, both types of nanofibres with stem cells promoted the growth of new neural tissue. On their own, neither nanofibres nor stem cells triggered neural tissue regeneration.

Webster attributes the mixture's regenerative power to the fibres' favorable interaction with laminin, a key protein for promoting stem cell differentiation into neurons. Webster also thinks the nanofibres’ ability to conduct electricity could help wire the neurons to one another.

The researchers also noticed that the hydrophobic nanofibres outperformed their hydrophilic brethren. Webster speculated that the hydrophobic fibres tend to agglomerate in biological systems and therefore don't travel to other areas in the brain. They essentially behave like anchors, he suggested, keeping the stem cells at the repair site.

Webster noted that there are hurdles to using the nanofiber and stem cell mix to regenerate neurons in people. The researchers currently harvest stem cells from the brains of neonatal rats, a technique that obviously can't be used in humans. Also, there's no biological mechanism to break down the nanofibres once the brain has been repaired. Details of the work will appear in an upcoming issue of Biomaterials.





Source: http://pubs.acs.org/